High Clostridium difficile Infection among HIV-Infected Children with Diarrhea in a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania

Table 2

Factors associated with CDI among study population ().

Variable	C. difficile infection		Univariate		Multivariate
	Yes (%)	No (%)	OR [95% CI]	value	OR [95% CI]	value
Sex
Male	12 (7.7)	144 (92.3)	1.0
Female	10 (6.9)	135 (93.1)	0.9 [0.4-2.1]	0.791
Age in months
≤12months	9 (5.5)	155 (94.5)	1.0
>12months	13 (9.5)	124 (90.5)	1.8 [0.7-4.3]	0.189
Residence
Urban	13 (6.7)	181 (93.3)	1.0
Rural	9 (8.4)	98 (91.6)	1.3 [0.5-3.1]	0.586
Antibiotic use
No	1 (2.9)	34 (97.1)	1.0
Yes	21 (7.9)	245 (92.1)	2.9 [0.4-22.4]	0.304
HIV status
Negative	14 (5.2)	254 (94.8)	1.0
Positive	8 (24.2)	25 (75.8)	5.8 [2.2-15.2]	<0.001	7.9 [1.86-33.5]	0.005
Median diarrhea frequency (days)	9 [8-10]	4 [3-7]	1.4 [1.2-1.5]	<0.001	1.04 [0.82-1.32]	0.753
Type of stool
Loose pasty	1 (0.7)	149 (99.3)	1.0	0.002	21.4 [1.3-343.9]	0.003
Watery	21 (13.9)	130 (86.1)	24.1 [3.2-181.1]
Comorbidities
No	7 (7.7)	84 (92.3)	1.0
Yes	15 (7.1)	195 (92.9)	0.9 [0.4-2.3]	0.866
Median hospital stay before diarrhea (days)	4.5 [4-8]	3 [1-7]	1.1 [1.01-1.14]	0.024	1.12 [1.01-1.23]	0.026
Median body temperature	38.2 [37.9-39]	37 [36.0-37.5]	2.8 [1.8-4.2]	<0.001	1.4 [0.9-2.5]	0.173
Median stool leukocytes	55 [45-70]	0 [0-4]	1.06 [1.04-1.08]	<0.001	1.05 [1.02-0.07]	<0.001
Median diarrhea duration	6 [4-10]	3 [2-5]	1.11 [1.04-1.18]	0.001	1.16 [1.05-1.30]	0.003