Cross-Country Comparisons of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior among 5-Year-Old Children

Table 1

Participant characteristics.

		Total	U.S.	Finland	Germany	Sweden	value	Colorado	GA/FL	Wash.	value
Accelerometer wear time, minutes/day		1049.5 (160.3)	1018.2 (174.8)^a	1048.2 (153.1)^b	1024.7 (139.0)^a,b	1089.9 (138.3)	<0.0001	1084.3 (146.8)	1026.4 (154.1)	942.5 (180.6)	<0.0001
Child demographic characteristics, weight status, and season
Age, months; mean (SD)		61.2 (1.5)	61.2 (1.4)^a	61.5 (1.6)	62.9 (1.8)	61.0 (1.3)^a	<0.0001	60.7 (1.4)	61.8 (1.5)	61.4 (1.4)	<0.0001
Body weight, kg; mean (SD)		19.7 (2.8)	19.3 (2.7)^a	19.6 (2.8)^b	19.7 (2.6)	20.1 (2.7)^a,b	<0.001	18.9 (2.5)^a	19.3 (2.3)^a,b	19.7 (3.1)^b	0.001
BMI, kg/m^2; mean (SD)		15.8 (1.4)	15.7 (1.4)^a	15.9 (1.4)^a,b	15.3 (1.3)	16.0 (1.4)^b	<0.001	15.6 (1.3)	15.7 (1.3)	15.9 (1.5)	0.10
Males, (%)		1019 (51.4)	435 (52.7)	186 (50.5)	47 (55.3)	351 (49.8)	0.60	202 (55.0)	60 (48.0)	173 (51.8)	0.36
Race/ethnicity; (%)	Hispanic							103 (28.1)	8 (6.4)^a	23 (6.9)^a	<.0001
	White, Non-Hispanic							256 (69.8)	107 (85.6)	276 (82.6)
	African American, Non-Hispanic							2 (0.5)	4 (3.2)	5 (1.5)
	Other							5 (1.4)	4 (3.2)	19 (5.7)
	Missing/unknown							1 (0.3)	2 (1.6)	11 (3.3)
Ethnic minority, yes; (%)		271 (13.9)	211 (26.2)	10 (2.8)^a	13 (15.3)	37 (5.3)^a	<0.0001	121 3(33.2)	26 (21.0)^a	64 (20.1)^a	<0.001
Season; (%)	Fall	465 (23.4)	173 (20.9)	94 (25.5)	23 (27.1)	175 (24.8)	0.05	84 (22.9)	19 (15.2)	70 (21.0)	.69
	Spring	524 (26.4)	208 (25.2)	85 (23.1)	23 (27.1)	208 (29.5)		91 (24.8)	34 (27.2)	83 (24.9)
	Summer	506 (25.5)	234 (28.3)	115 (31.3)	17 (20.0)	140 (20.0)		98 (26.7)	37 (29.6)	99 (29.6)
	Winter	489 (24.7)	211 (25.5)	74 (20.1)	22 (25.9)	182 (25.8)		94 (25.6)	35 (28.0)	82 (24.6)
Family characteristics
Mother’s education; (%)	Less than college grad	726 (36.9)	272 (33.1)^a	113 (31.1)^a	44 (51.8)^b	297 (42.5)^b	<0.0001	235 (64.6)^a	97 (78.2)	218 (65.3)^a	.01
	College grad or higher	1243 (63.1)	550 (66.9)	250 (68.9)	41 (48.2)	402 (57.5)		129 (35.4)	27 (21.8)	116 (34.7)

BMI = body mass index; values with the same superscript are not significantly different.