Burden of Neural Tube Defects and Their Associated Factors in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

A summary of included studies for the burden of neural tube defects in Africa, 2022.

(a)

Authors	Year	Country	Region	Study design	Setting	Sample size	Number of cases	Burden/10,000	Duration of study/months	Quality of study
Abbey et al. [37]	2017	Nigeria	Western Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	7,670	28	36.51	48	Medium
Adane and Seyoum [11]	2018	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	19,650	103	52.41	36	Medium
Adeleye and Olowookere [14]	2009	Nigeria	Western Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	61	33	5409.83	12	Medium
Garcon and Danielle [65]	2006	DR Congo	Central Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	8824	9	10.2	96	Medium
Airede [38]	1992	Nigeria	Western Africa	Prospective	Hospital-based	5,977	42	70.92	36	Medium
Alhassan et al. [8]	2017	Ghana	Western Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	35,426	24	6.77	48	Medium
Anyanwu et al. [39]	2021	Nigeria	Western Africa	Prospective	Hospital-based	1,456	4	27.47	9	Low
Bello et al. [40]	2008	Nigeria	Western Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	2,371	103	434.41	48	Medium
Berhane and Belachew [29]	2022	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Prospective	Hospital-based	48,750	522	107.07	36	High
Berihu et al. [31]	2018	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	14,903	195	131	9	High
Buccimazza et al. [57]	1994	South Africa	Southern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	516,252	606	11.74	240	Medium
Chukwubuike et al. [41]	2020	Nigeria	Western Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	9492	34	35.82	4	Medium
Cornell et al. [56]	1983	South Africa	Southern Africa	Prospective	Hospital-based	116859	105	9	60	Medium
Ekanem et al. [42]	2008	Nigeria	Western Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	127929	67	5.24	276	High
Ekwochi et al. [43]	2017	Nigeria	Western Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	5,830	6	10.29	48	Medium

(b)

Authors	Year	Country	Region	Study design	Setting	Sample size	Number of cases	Burden/10,000	Duration of study/months	Quality of study
El-moghrabi [47]	2019	Libya	Northern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	16,765	19	11.33	12	Medium
Estifanos [23]	2017	Eriteria	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	39,803	185	46.48	56	Medium
Forci et al. [46]	2021	Morocco	Northern Africa	Prospective	Hospital-based	43923	44	10.02	65	High
Gedamu et al. [33]	2021	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	2,218	11	49.59	6	Medium
Gedefaw et al. [32]	2018	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	8,677	126	145.21	7	Medium
Geneti et al. [9]	2021	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	45951	186	40.47	60	High
Githuku et al. [24]	2014	Kenya	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	6041	1272	2105.61	72	High
Houcher et al. [55]	2008	Algeria	Northern Africa	Prospective	Hospital-based	28500	215	75.44	36	Medium
Kalisya et al. [64]	2015	DR Congo	Central Africa	Prospective	Hospital-based	1,301	48	368.95	156	Medium
Kayembe-Kitenge et al. [66]	2019	DR Congo	Central Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	133662	146	10.92	24	High
Kindie and Mulu [34]	2022	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	8,862	97	109.46	24	Medium
Kishimba et al. [25]	2015	Tanzania	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	28,217	27	10	5	High
Kromberg and Jenkins [58]	1982	South Africa	Southern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	29,633	35	11.81	12	Medium
Krzesinski et al. [59]	2019	South Africa	Southern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	93609	195	20.83	72	Low
Laamiri [48]	2017	Morocco	Northern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	819,224	330	4.03	36	Medium

(c)

Authors	Year	Country	Region	Study design	Setting	Sample size	Number of cases	Burden/10000	Duration of study/months	Quality of study
Mekonnen et al. [16]	2021	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	11177	32	28.63	72	Medium
Mekonen et al. [17]	2015	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Prospective	Hospital-based	1,516	20	131.93	6	High
Barlow-Mosha et al. [26]	2021	Uganda	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	110,752	109	9.8	40	High
Mumpe-Mwanja et al. [27]	2019	Uganda	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	69,766	72	10.32	28	Medium
Nasri et al. [15]	2014	Tunisia	Northern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	3,803,889	769	2.02	240	Medium
Nnadi and Singh [43, 44]	2022	Nigeria	Western Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	10,163	22	21.63	36	High
Oumer et al. [69]	2021	Sudan	Northern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	36,785	103	28	12	Medium
Radouani et al. [49]	2015	Morocco	Northern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	60,017	80	13.3	48	Low
Saib et al. [60]	2021	South Africa	Southern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	7,516	5	6.65	12	Medium
Perinatal [53]	2021	Sudan	Northern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	20,000	72	36	5	High
Singh et al. [35]	2015	Nageria	Western Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	10,163	16	15.74	36	High
Sorri and Mesfin [18]	2015	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	28,961	177	61.12	36	Medium
Taye et al. [70]	2019	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	76,201	612	80.31	6	High
Taye et al. [10]	2016	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	319,776	1873	58.57	48	High

(d)

Authors	Year	Country	Region	Study design	Setting	Sample size	Number of cases	Burden/10000	Duration of study/months	Quality of study
Theron et al. [61]	2020	South Africa	Southern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	223,388	77	3.44	60	Medium
Ugwu et al. [36]	2007	Nigeria	Western Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	2891	31	127.98	37	Medium
Venter et al. [62]	1995	South Africa	Southern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	10380	27	26	42	High
Zash et al. [63]	2019	Botswana	Southern Africa	Cross-sectional	Hospital-based	119477	98	8.2	55	Medium