Alginate Biosynthesis in Azotobacter vinelandii: Overview of Molecular Mechanisms in Connection with the Oxygen Availability

Table 1

Summary of biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications of alginates based on their molecular weights.

Application of alginate	Molecular weight (kDa)	Reference
Delivery of bioactive compounds; Antioxidant; In vivo tissue scaffolds; Antibacterial; Dietary supplement; Cell immobilization	≈15–120	[60–66]
Food stabilizer and preserving agent; Microencapsulation and storage stability; Antibacterial; Bioremediation; Wound healing	≈120–290	[62, 63, 67–76]
Modulation of enzymatic activity; Extended-release tablet compound	500–941	[71, 77]