Lipoprotein Particle Predictors of Arterial Stiffness after 17 Years of Follow Up: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study

Table 2

Multiple linear regression analysis for baseline and follow-up determinants of the dependent variable, ln carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity.

	Model 1		Model 2
	Beta	value	Beta	value
Cholesterol (total)	0.003	0.86	0.010	0.6
Triglycerides	0.071	<0.01	0.070	<0.01
HDL-c	-0.080	<0.01	-0.070	<0.01
LDL-c	0.011	0.52	0.020	0.4
Large VLDL-P	0.004	0.83	0.002	0.9
Medium VLDL-P	-0.001	0.94	-0.002	0.9
Small VLDL-P	-0.011	0.53	-0.011	0.5
Large IDL-P	0.010	0.54	0.013	0.5
Small IDL-P	-0.042	0.02	-0.037	0.03
Large LDL-P	0.009	0.60	0.009	0.6
Medium LDL-P	0.047	0.01	0.045	0.01
Small LDL-P	0.039	0.03	0.038	0.03
Very small LDL-P	0.039	0.02	0.040	0.02
Total LDL-P	0.038	0.03	0.037	0.04
Large HDL-P	-0.068	<0.01	-0.062	<0.01
Small HDL-P	0.002	0.92	-0.002	0.92
Total HDL-P	-0.026	0.13	-0.026	0.13
High-risk LDL-P	0.049	0.01	0.047	0.01

High-risk LDL-P contains very small, small, and medium LDL particles. Model 1 controlled for heart rate (measured from the carotid artery), mean arterial pressure at the time of the c-fPWV measurements, age at time of c-fPWV measurement, gender, fasting  mmol, waist-to-hip circumference at baseline, smoking status at baseline, and whether participants were taking blood pressure-lowering medications and/or lipid-lowering medications at follow-up. Model 2 included the variables in Model 1 plus natural log transformed C-reactive protein. Abbreviations: HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-P: high-density lipoprotein particles; IDL-P: intermediate-density lipoprotein particles; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-P: low-density lipoprotein particles; VLDL-P: very low-density lipoprotein particles.