The Role of Angiotensin Antagonism in Coronary Plaque Regression: Insights from the Glagovian Model

Table 1

Coronary plaque modulation in the trials with angiotensin inhibitors.

Clinical trial, year	Design (follow-up length)	Intervention	Subjects (no. of subjects)	Endpoints	Baseline		Follow-up		Nominal change	Change percentage of TAV and PAV (%)
					Total atheroma volume (mm^3)	Percent atheroma volume (%)	Total atheroma volume (mm^3)	Percent atheroma volume (%)
OLIVUS [37] (2010)	Prospective randomized (14 months)	Olmesartan 10,20,or 40 mg/d vs. placebo (±BB, CCB, diuretic, nitrate, statin, antiglycemic)	Stable angina with native CAD (247 subjects)	TAV, PAV, vessel, volume, BP, MACE	(OL) (placebo)	(OL); (placebo)	(OL); (placebo)	(OL); (placebo)	TAV; (mm^3) -2.6 (OL) vs.7.1; (placebo) (); PAV (%) -0.1 (OM) vs. 1.1 (placebo) ()	TAV; 0.6 (OL) vs.5.4 (placebo); (); PAV; -0.7 (OM) vs. 3.1 (placebo) ()
PERSPECTIVE [39]; (2007)	Prospective, double blind, randomized, multicentre (3 years)	Perindopril; 8 mg/d vs. placebo (±BB, CCB, nitrate, lipid lowering agents, antiplatelet)	Stable CAD (history of MI, revascularization, angiographically significant coronary stenosis) without clinical evidence of HF (118 subjects)	CSA of vessel, lumen, and plaque; PAV	NA	(PE); (placebo)	NA	(PE); (placebo)	PAV (%) -0.48 (PE) vs. -0.47 (placebo) ()	NA
Ishii et al. [38]; (2013)	Prospective, randomized, multicentre (6 months)	Olmesartan 20 mg/d vs. valsartan 80 mg/d (±BB, CCB, statins, antiglycemic)	Stable angina pectoris, already on statin for >8weeks before PCI (94 subjects)	TAV, PAV, vessel, and lumen volume	(OL) (VAL)	(OL); (VAL)	(OL); (VAL)	(OL); (VAL)	TAV -4.7 (OL); vs. -4.8; (VAL); (); PAV; -2.5 (OL) vs. -2.8 (VAL); ()	NA
Han et al. [40] (2012)	Prospective, randomized (9-12 months)	Rosuvastatin 20 mg/d vs. rosuvastatin 20 mg/d + ramipril 10 mg/d (±BB, CCB, nitrate, antiplatelet, antiglycemic)	Stable intermediate de novo CAD without statin therapy within 2 months (40 subjects)	TAV, PAV, EEM volume, lipid parameter, biomarkers	(ROS) (ROS + RAM)	(ROS) (ROS + RAM)	(ROS) (ROS + RAM)	(ROS) (ROS + RAM)	NA	No significant difference of TAV and PAV change percentage between the two groups (, p, respectively)
Yamaguchi et al. [41]; (2014)	Prospective, randomized (6 months)	Telmisartan 80 mg/d vs. other antihypertensive agents (CCB or BB)	Stable angina with HT, already on statin for >6 months (50 subjects)	TAV, PAV, vessel and lumen area, fibrous volume, calcified volume	(TEL) (control)	(TEL) (control)	(TEL) (control)	(TEL) (control)	NA	PAV; -6.5 (TEL) vs. -1.1 (control) ()