Review Article

Impact of Indoor Air Quality and Multi-domain Factors on Human Productivity and Physiological Responses: A Comprehensive Review

Table 3

Summary of physiological signals for various IEQ factors.

ParametersMeasuring sensor and exampleIndicator for IEQ factorsRef

Skin temperature (Tskin)iButton (LDS1992L), infrared camera, resistance temperature sensor, wristbandThermal, visual[13, 37, 63, 80, 155, 183185]
Skin humidity/moistureWristband, interdigital capacitance (IDC), polymer optical fiber sensorThermal, IAQ, acoustic[63, 180, 186]
Heart rate (HR)Heart rate monitor (SUUNTO Dual Belt), wristband, smart watchThermal, IAQ, acoustic[13, 129, 155, 183, 185]
Heart rate variability (HRV)Heart rate monitor (SUUNTO Dual Belt), wristband, smart watchThermal, visual, acoustic[16, 38, 145, 187]
Blood pressure (BP)Electronic sphygmomanometerThermal, IAQ, visual, acoustic[4, 13, 60, 166, 188]
Systolic blood pressureElectronic sphygmomanometer (HEM-7132, OMRON)Thermal, IAQ, visual, acoustic[4, 92, 184, 188] [185]
Diastolic blood pressureSame aboveThermal, IAQ, visual, acoustic[185]
Oxygen saturation (SpO2)Blood oxygen saturation monitor (Heal Force Prince-100H)
Wristband (Fitbit)
Thermal, IAQ, visual[183, 189191]
Eardrum temperatureInfrared thermometer (TH839S OMRON)Thermal[39, 183]
Body core temperatureCorTemp HT150001 with capsule sensorThermal[133, 135]
End tidal partial CO2LifeSense LS1Thermal[39, 192]
Respiration rate (RR)Electromagnetic sensing system, ultrasonic proximity sensorAcoustic, thermal, IAQ[84, 137, 158, 189, 192, 193]
Respiration flow rateGas flowmeterAcoustic, thermal, IAQ[137, 190]
Muscle activityPhysiometer (PHY-400)Visual[146]
Electrodermal activity (EDA)Wristband (Fitbit), Ag/AgCl disc electrodes, galvanic skin resistance (GSR)Acoustic[193195]
Electroencephalogram (EEG)Headband (Muse), EEG 8 channels of MP150, dry electrodes, passive electrodesIAQ, acoustic, thermal, visual[16, 90, 137, 141, 142, 196, 197]
Electrocardiogram (ECG)PPG sensor, smart watch (Apple watch), wristband (Fitbit Charge 2-4)Acoustic, visual, Thermal, IAQ[84, 129, 130, 137]
Pulse rateWristband, optical sensorIAQ, thermal, visual[192, 198, 199]
Polysomnography (PSG)Electroencephalogram devicesAcoustic[200]
Cortical arousalsElectroencephalogram devicesAcoustic[200]
Rapid eye movement (REM)ElectrooculographyAcoustic[201]
Pupil diameter/sizeCamera, eye tracking systemsVisual, thermal[157, 202]
Skin capillary blood flow (SCBF)Infrared camera, laser Doppler flowmetryThermal[186]
Transepidermal water loss (TEWL)Capacitive TEWL sensorsThermal[186]
Metabolic rateWearable multiparametric device, metabolic cart with facemask or canopyThermal, visual, IAQ[192, 203, 204]
Forced vital capacity (FVC)SpirometerIAQ[140]
Sweat lossSweat absorption pad, hydration sensorThermal[49, 135, 184]
Eye trackingDesk mounted eye tracking system (TOBII T60), desktop mounted eye gaze tracking (EGT) instrumentVisual[205]
Electromyography (EMG)Capacitive electrodes, surface EMG channelsAcoustic[194, 195]
Sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV)Surface active electrode, subcutaneous needle electrodesThermal[154]
Skin resistanceGalvanic skin response sensorVisual[206]
Pupillary unrest indexInfrared video pupillography, rye-tracking instrumentVisual[202]
Blink rateHeadband, eye tracking instrument, Doppler sensor, electrooculography, cameraVisual[146, 202]
Average fixation durationEye tracking instrumentVisual[202]
Grip strengthDynamometer, flex sensorThermal[207]
Urinary melatoninUrine samplingThermal, visual[208]
Salivary alpha-amylaseKit, biosensorThermal[209]