|
| | Drug(s) resistant to | Typical diseases |
|
| Name of Bacterium | | |
| Escherichia coli | Cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones | Urinary tract infections and blood stream infections |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Cephalosporins and carbapenems | Pneumonia, blood stream, and urinary tract infections |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Methicillin | Wound and blood stream infections |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | Penicillin | Pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis |
| Nontyphoidal Salmonella | Fluoroquinolones | Foodborne diarrhoea, blood stream infections |
| Shigella species | Fluoroquinolones | Diarrhoea (bacillary dysentery) |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Cephalosporins | Gonorrhoea |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Rifampicin, isoniazid, and fluoroquinolone [4] | Tuberculosis |
| Name of Fungi | | |
| Candida spp. | Fluconazole and echinocandins [5] | Candidiasis |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | Fluconazole [17] | Cryptococcosis |
| Aspergillus spp. | Azoles [18] | Aspergillosis |
| Scopulariopsis spp. | Amphotericin B, flucytosine, and azoles [19] | Onychomycosis |
| Name of Virus | | |
| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Ganciclovir and foscarnet [20] | In AIDS and oncology patients |
| Herpes simplex virus (HSV) | Acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir [21] | Herpes simplex |
| Human immunodeficiency | | |
| virus (HIV) | Antiretroviral drugs [22] | AIDS |
| Influenza virus | Adamantane derivatives (Amantadine and rimantadine) and neuraminidase inhibitors [23] | Influenza |
| Varicella zoster virus | Acyclovir and valacyclovir [21] | Chicken pox |
| Hepatitis B virus (HBV) | Lamivudine [24] | Hepatitis B |
| Name of Parasite | | |
| Plasmodia spp. | Chloroquine, artemisinin, and atovaquone [25] | Malaria |
| Leishmania spp. | Pentavalent antimonials, miltefosine, paromomycin, and amphotericin B [13, 14] | Leishmaniasis |
| Schistosomes | Praziquantel and oxamniquine [26, 27] | Schistosomiasis |
| Entamoeba | Metronidazole [28] | Amoebiasis |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | Nitroimidazoles [29] | Trichomoniasis |
| Toxoplasma gondii | Artemisinin, atovaquone, and sulfadiazine [10–12] | Toxoplasmosis |
|
