The Probable Association between Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Table 1

Demographic characteristics and risk factors related to the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in T1DM patients, Khorramshahr city.

Characteristic	Type 1 DM (N = 36)				Controls (N = 50)				Type 1 DM versus controls
	No. of tested	IgG-positive	%	value	No. of tested	IgG-positive	%	value	value
Age
0–10	5	3	60.00	0.847	8	2	25.00	0.911	0.249
11–20	9	6	66.66		12	4	33.33		0.142
21–30	10	8	80.00		15	5	33.33		0.029
31–40	12	8	66.66		15	6	40.00		0.161
Gender
Female	17	14	82.35	0.109	25	9	36.00	0.765	0.003
Male	19	11	57.89		25	8	32.00		0.086
Residence
Urban	25	16	64.00	0.254	30	10	33.33	0.903	0.023
Rural	11	9	81.81		20	7	35.00		0.016
Education level
Diploma or lower	27	20	74.07	0.261	35	12	34.28	0.948	0.002
University degree	9	5	55.55		15	5	33.33		0.26
Contact with cat
Yes	24	19	79.16	0.073	36	13	36.11	0.438	0.002
No	12	6	50.00		14	4	28.57		0.237
Source of drinking water
Unpurified water	9	6	66.66	0.571	9	4	44.44	0.358	0.319
Purified water	27	19	70.37		41	13	31.70		0.002
Consumption of raw/undercooked meat
Yes	6	4	66.66	0.609	10	5	50.00	0.204	0.451
No	30	21	70.00		40	12	30.00		0.001
Total	36	25	69.4		50	17	34.0		0.001