Epidemiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis and Factors Associated with Unsuccessful Treatment Outcomes in the Centre Region of Cameroon: A Three-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 2

Demographic and clinical characteristics by treatment outcome.

Demographic and clinical characteristics	Total sample N (%)	Unsuccessful outcome N (%)	Successful outcome N (%)	-value^1
Sample size	610 (100)	122 (20)	488 (80)
Gender
Female	307 (50.3)	64 (52.5)	243 (49.8)	0.599
Male	303 (49.7)	58 (47.5)	245 (50.2)
Age group (years)
0–4	254 (41.6)	53 (43.4)	201 (41.2)	0.721
5–9	142 (23.3)	30 (24.6)	112 (23.0)
10–14	214 (35.1)	39 (32.0)	175 (35.9)
Residence
Rural	147 (24.1)	22 (18.0)	125 (25.6)	0.080
Urban	463 (75.9)	100 (82.0)	363 (74.4)
Form of TB
Extrapulmonary TB	177 (29.0)	39 (32.0)	138 (28.3)	<0.001
PTB−	188 (30.8)	53 (43.4)	135 (27.7)
PTB+	245 (40.2)	29 (24.6)	216 (44.1)
Method of diagnosis
Bacteriological diagnosis	245 (40.2)	31 (25.4)	214 (43.9)	<0.001
Clinical diagnosis	365 (59.8)	91 (74.6)	274 (56.1)
Weight of child at TB initiation
0–7 kg	84 (13.8)	21 (17.2)	63 (12.9)	0.757
8–14 kg	132 (21.6)	28 (23.0)	104 (21.3)
15–21 kg	124 (20.3)	22 (18.0)	102 (20.9)
22–28 kg	73 (12.0)	16 (13.1)	57 (11.7)
29–35 kg	88 (14.4)	16 (13.1)	72 (14.8)
>35 kg	109 (17.9)	19 (15.6)	90 (18.4)
HIV status
HIV-negative	310 (50.8)	59 (41.4)	251 (51.4)	<0.001
HIV-positive	153 (25.1)	53 (43.4)	100 (20.5)
Unknown	147 (24.1)	10 (8.2)	137 (28.1)
Treatment protocol
Pediatric regimen (2RHEZ +4RH)	422 (69.2)	74 (60.7)	348 (71.3)	0.023
Adult regimen (2RHEZ +4RH)	188 (30.8)	48 (39.3)	140 (28.7)
Year of TB initiation
2018	153 (25.1)	38 (31.1)	115 (23.6)	0.130
2019	146 (23.9)	31 (25.4)	115 (23.6)
2020	311 (51.0)	53 (43.4)	258 (52.9)
Type of health facility
Faith-based	49 (8.0)	6 (4.9)	43 (8.8)	0.302
Private	19 (3.1)	5 (4.1)	14 (2.9)
Public	542 (88.9)	111 (91.0)	431 (88.3)

¹-value from X² test. PTB+: bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB. PTB−: clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB.