LSTM Recurrent Neural Network-Based Frequency Control Enhancement of the Power System with Electric Vehicles and Demand Management

Table 2

Performance measures of Proposed Controller.

S. No	Case	Area	Parameter	PID controller	Fuzzy controller	Proposed controller
1.	Case 01	Area 01	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0117	0.0112	0.0080
			Settling time (sec)	18.44	8.08	6.38
		Area 02	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0133	0.0127	0.0091
			Settling time (sec)	17.84	8.31	6.65
		Area 03	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0131	0.0126	0.0089
			Settling time (sec)	17.98	8.38	6.72
		Area 04	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0147	0.0140	0.0100
			Settling time (sec)	13.44	8.52	6.80
2.	Case 02	Area 01	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0222	0.0219	0.0109
			Settling time (sec)	67.88	59.37	48.36
		Area 02	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0251	0.0248	0.0124
			Settling time (sec)	70.34	60.86	49.28
		Area 03	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0250	0.0246	0.0122
			Settling time (sec)	70.82	60.50	48.88
		Area 04	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0279	0.0274	0.0137
			Settling time (sec)	69.46	61.45	48.14
3.	Case 03	Area 01	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0143	0.0141	0.0112
			Settling time (sec)	57.88	49.37	38.36
		Area 02	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0162	0.0159	0.0127
			Settling time (sec)	60.34	50.86	39.28
		Area 03	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0160	0.0157	0.0126
			Settling time (sec)	60.82	50.50	38.88
		Area 04	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0179	0.0176	0.0140
			Settling time (sec)	59.46	51.45	38.14
4.	Case 04	Area 01	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0159	0.0154	0.0099
			Settling time (sec)	47.12	43.87	36.12
		Area 02	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0180	0.0174	0.0110
			Settling time (sec)	49.77	45.10	36.84
		Area 03	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0177	0.0172	0.0112
			Settling time (sec)	48.48	44.78	36.52
		Area 04	|Peak Mag| (Hz)	0.0199	0.0192	0.0124
			Settling time (sec)	48.06	43.58	35.98