Revenue Stacking for BESS: Fast Frequency Regulation and Balancing Market Participation in Italy

Table 4

Technical results from FR study case.

Key	Value	Unit
Total energy cycled	1.167	MWh/y
FR provision	819	MWh/y
SoC management (charging)	167	MWh/y
SoC management (discharging)	86	MWh/y
Auxiliary demand	283	MWh/y
Energy withdrawal	238	MWh/y
NPFR	0	%
BESS estimated life	11.6	years
Average efficiency	75.1	%