Revenue Stacking for BESS: Fast Frequency Regulation and Balancing Market Participation in Italy

<table class="table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Key</td><td class="align_center">Value</td><td class="align_center">Unit</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">CAPEX (year 0)</td><td class="align_center">−2250</td><td class="align_center">k€</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">OPEX</td><td class="align_center">−25</td><td class="align_center">k€/y</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">NPP<sub>FR</sub></td><td class="align_center">0</td><td class="align_center">k€/y</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">SoC management costs (charging)</td><td class="align_center">−10</td><td class="align_center">k€/y</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">SoC management revenues (discharging)</td><td class="align_center">5</td><td class="align_center">k€/y</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Bill total cost</td><td class="align_center">−47</td><td class="align_center">k€/y</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Residual value (end of year 5)</td><td class="align_center">1283</td><td class="align_center">k€</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Economic results for FR study case.</div>

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

tab5

Table 5

Table 5: Revenue Stacking for BESS: Fast Frequency Regulation and Balancing Market Participation in Italy 