A Novel Proposed Algorithm to Enhance the Overcurrent Relays’ Performance in Active Distribution Networks

Table 5

The PCSS angle for all relays at LG fault at S3 (case 2).

Relay number	PSCC angle	Flow direction
R1	72.9926	Forward
R2	72.7197	Forward
R3	71.4626	Forward
R4	−98.572	Reverse
R5	−98.299	Reverse
R6	−98.009	Reverse
R7	−93.952	Reverse
R8	−92.143	Reverse
R9	−90.462	Reverse
R10	−89.938	Reverse
R11	−89.607	Reverse
R12	−89.163	Reverse
R13	−88.721	Reverse
R14	126.150	Forward
R15	124.540	Forward
R16	123.919	Forward
R17	122.539	Forward
R18	125.552	Forward
R19	125.408	Forward
R20	125.397	Forward
R21	125.387	Forward
R22	126.912	Forward
R23	126.716	Forward
R24	126.690	Forward
R25	−101.24	Reverse
R26	−100.30	Reverse
R27	−99.777	Reverse
R28	−99.236	Reverse
R29	−98.234	Reverse
R30	−95.968	Reverse
R31	120.632	Forward
R32	116.911	Forward