A Grid-Connected Solar PV/Wind Turbine Based Hybrid Energy System Using ANFIS Controller for Hybrid Series Active Power Filter to Improve the Power Quality

Table 1

Operating modes of the proposed system.

Mode	Available source	Voltage condition	Power	Operation of energy sources in DC-link
Mode 1	PS = 1	VBS ≤ VBS, Min	PS ≥ PL and PW < PL or PW = 0	The SAPF utilizes solar energy to compensate for harmonics, reactive power, and share load demand when solar power is superior to load demand.
	PW = 0	VBW ≤ VBW, Min or VS = 0
	PBS = 0
	PBW = 0
Mode 2	PS = 1	VBS ≥ VBS, Min	PS ≥ PO and PW < PL or PW = 0	Having a fully charged battery and a solar array that can supply power to both the DC-link and the load at once, the SAPF is able to run at maximum efficiency. During solar battery charging, constant voltage is switched off to prevent self-discharge.
	PBS = 1	VBW ≤ VBW, Min or VS = 0
	PW = 0
	PBW = 0
Mode 3	PS = 0	VBS ≥ VBS, Min	PS < PL or PS = 0 and PW < PL	Power is supplied to the SAPF-PV load and DC-link when the battery is fully charged.
	PW = 0	VBW ≤ VBW, Min or VS = 0	Or PW = 0
	PBW = 0
	PBS = 1
Mode 4	PS = 0	VBS ≤ VBS, Min	PS < PL or PS = 0 and PW ≥ PL	SAPF-WE compensates for harmonics and reactive power when generating wind energy exceeds load demand, as well as sharing load demands when the solar and wind batteries are not fully charged.
	PBS = 0	VBW ≤ VBW, Min or VS = 0
	PBW = 0
	PW = 1
Mode 5	PS = 0	VBS < VBS Min	PS < PL or PS = 0 and PW = 0	As a result of fully charging the wind battery, the SAPF-WE can operate simultaneously on both DC-link and load power from the wind turbine. To prevent self-discharge, continuous voltage charging is switched off for the wind battery.
	PBS = 0	VBW ≥ VBW, Min or VS = 0
	PW = 1
	PBW = 1
Mode 6	PS = 0	VBS < VBS, Min	PS < PL or PS = 0 and PW < PL or PW = 0	Power is provided to SAPF-WE's load and DC-link by a fully charged wind battery.
	PW = 0	VBW ≥ VBW, Min or VS = 0
	PBS = 0
	PBW = 1

Note: PS is solar power, PW is wind power, PBS is power in solar battery, PBW is power in wind battery, VBW is voltage in wind battery, VBS is voltage in solar battery, VS is source voltage, and PL is load power.