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| System design | Location | Assessment aspects | Remarks |
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| Wind-PV-battery-grid [13] | Haryana, India | (1) Economic feasibility | (1) Economic analysis of proposed MG for a given geographical area
(2) Technical assessment using MATLAB has been done for power sharing between different sources |
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| PV-wind-diesel-battery [14] | Punjab, India | (1) Economic feasibility | (1) Assessment of multiple locations in Punjab for comparative analysis
(2) Comparison between different combinations of sources, from which the significance of PV in the northern region of India has been highlighted
(3) Consideration of 1.3 kW telecommunication load as critical load |
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| PV-battery-grid [15] | Punjab, India | (1) Economic feasibility | (1) High renewable potential in northern India
(2) There is an inverse relationship between the level of renewable energy output and COE for the designed system |
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| PV-battery-grid [16] | Uttar Pradesh, India | (1) Economic feasibility
(2) CO2 emissions
(3) Technical assessment with DSM | (1) Mpact of grid availability on COE
(2) RES optimization for satisfying the daily load demand
(3) DSM of developed MG with NCL shed/shifted towards available solar or battery energy sources (grid satisfying critical load) |
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| PV-wind-biomass-battery [17] | Pondicherry, India | (1) Techno-economic Analysis
(2) net present cost (NPC) analysis
(3) load growth assessment | (1) Predicted load growth using the ANN-LM technique
(2) Islanded MG as a cost-effective solution for rural electrification
(3) Reduced system emission and optimized system with ANN-LM
(4) Biomass as a critical contributor to renewable fraction (fren) and reliable power supply |
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| PV-wind-biomass [18] | Madras, India | (1) Economic Feasibility
(2) optimal component sizing | (1) HOMER Pro tool for techno-economic analysis and MG planning
(2) Review of HOMER Pro for MG design and simulation
(3) Effective use of available RESs for electrification
(4) COE as a significant parameter in overall system analysis |
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| PV-wind-hydro-gen.-battery [19] | Gujarat, India | (1) Economic Feasibility
(2) reduced carbon emissions
(3) urban electrification | (1) High renewable contribution for optimal MG planning
(2) Economical results with a higher number of RESs with reduced emissions
(3) Higher capital cost leads to an overall increase in other economic parameters |
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| PV-wind-hydro-biomass-battery [20] | Uttarakhand, India | (1) Economic feasibility
(2) Reliability analysis
(3) Technical assessment with DSM | (1) Islanded MG for remote and rural region electrification with wind as the dominant resource
(2) Economic assessment and DSM analysis for the designed MG system
(3) Biomass as a reliable RESs can only be used for high availability locations, which increases system economics |
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| PV-wind-diesel gen.-Battery [21] | Punjab, India | (1) Economic feasibility
(2) Total energy production | (1) Feasibility analysis for different locations in Punjab, India, with available solar as a key contributor
(2) RESs combination with the least cost as the most feasible solution from economic aspects
(3) COE reduces with high renewable potential |
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| PV-wind-hydro-battery [22] | Tamil Nadu, India | (1) Techno-economic feasibility
(2) Environmental aspect | (1) Hydropower source is significant but constrained to the high amount of water resource availability and specific geographical location
(2) Wind is a significant RES in coastal regions for higher power generation
(3) Higher RESs contribution leads to minimizing carbon emissions |
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| PV-wind-hydro-bio. Battery [23] | Puducherry, India | (1) Techno-economic feasibility
(2) Resource assessment | (1) A higher value of fren leads to a minimum unmet load percentage
(2) Islanded MG as a favorable solution for rural and remote villages
(3) An abundance of solar and wind energy leads to reduced COE for more than 90% of load hours |
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| PV-wind-hydro-bio. Battery [24] | Chhattisgarh, India. | (1) Techno-economic feasibility
(2) Resource assessment
3) Financial and business aspects | (1) Application and combination of different RESs in satisfying multiple types of electric loads.
(2) Dependency of component sizing based on peak load demand of the day
(3) Discussion on financing challenges, business model, and tariff issues |
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| PV-wind-battery-grid [25] | Haryana, India | (1) Techno-economic feasibility | (1) Solar and wind-based RESs with higher potential for satisfying multiple types of electric loads
(2) The excessive potential of solar energy in northern India
3) Reduced CO2 emissions due to higher renewable contribution |
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| Grid-PV-wind-diesel generator [26] | Tamil Nadu, India | (1) Techno-economic feasibility | (1) Use of a diesel generator for enhancing system reliability, however not a suitable option given environmental constraints
(2) A significant impact of only RESs-based system on CO2 emissions and overall system cost
(3) An abundance of RESs leads to reduced COE and overall gas emissions |
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| PV-wind-battery-grid [27] | Rajasthan, India | (1) Techno-economic feasibility | (1) Application of RESs to cater environmental pollution
(2) Cost-effective solution for increasing power demand in India
(3) Applicability of high potential of solar, leading to high system efficiency and low dependency on grid |
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