Frequency Stability Enhancement of Microgrid Using Optimization Techniques-Based Adaptive Virtual Inertia Control

Table 5

Statistical analysis of frequency deviation (∆F).

PI	Type of controller	Statistical analysis of frequency deviation (∆F)
		Max	Min	Undershoot (%)	Overshoot (%)	Peak to peak	Mean	RMS
ITAE	PSO-PID	1.988	−1.477	−50.890	50.890	3.465	0.1721	0.8790
	GA-PID	1.983	−1.471	−50.967	50.967	3.454	0.1225	0.7492
IAE	PSO-PID	1.988	−1.478	−96.884	106.123	3.466	0.04730	0.5145
	GA-PID	1.985	−1.475	−50.953	50.953	3.460	0.1683	0.8919
ISE	PSO-PID	1.988	−1.478	−96.848	106.655	3.465	0.04846	0.4821
	GA-PID	1.983	−1.473	−50.980	50.980	3.456	0.1399	0.8155
ITSE	PSO-PID	1.988	−1.477	−50.890	50.890	3.465	0.1728	0.8888
	GA-PID	1.987	−1.477	−50.898	50.898	3.464	0.1804	0.9006