Frequency Stability Enhancement of Microgrid Using Optimization Techniques-Based Adaptive Virtual Inertia Control

Table 6

Statistical analysis of power change (∆P).

PI	Type of controller	Statistical analysis of power change (∆P)
		Max (MW)	Min (MW)	Rise time (ms)	Fall time (ms)	Undershoot (%)	Overshoot (%)	Peak to peak	Mean	RMS
ITAE	PSO	7.188	−13.66	57.047	48.156	10.062	64.286	20.85	−2.505	4.915
	GA	7.260	−13.72	57.881	48.663	6.212	64.286	20.98	−2.536	4.988
IAE	PSO	7.198	−13.66	56.941	47.898	10.029	64.286	20.85	−2.475	4.898
	GA	7.285	−13.77	57.595	47.331	−2.243	69.118	21.06	−2.570	5.008
ISE	PSO	7.286	−13.69	58.979	47.216	12.148	67.143	20.98	−2.450	4.882
	GA	7.199	−13.63	60.128	49.269	6.928	62.500	20.82	−2.502	4.971
ITSE	PSO	7.198	−13.66	56.941	47.898	10.029	64.286	20.85	−2.475	4.898
	GA	7.285	−13.77	57.595	47.331	−2.243	69.118	21.06	−2.570	5.008