A Comprehensive Review of Various Topologies and Control Techniques for DC-DC Converter-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Charge Equalization

Table 10

Comparison of different converter topologies for BCE.

	Buck-boost [108, 109]	Cuk [36, 38]	Resonant [48, 110]	Ramp [15, 54]	Push-pull [57, 74]	Dual active bridge [111, 112]	Flyback [56, 113]
Equalisation techniques	DCTC	DCTC	CTP	CTP	CTPTC	CTPTC	CTPTC
Control variable	SOC	CV	CV	SOC	CV	SOC	SOC
SOC estimation	OCV	OCV	EKF	OCV	OCV	EKF	OCV
Equalisation time	The 1800 s	2280 s	3580 s	2150 s	3200 s	2786 s	1120 s
Efficiency	High	High	High	Moderate	Low	Moderate	High
Balancing speed	Fast	Medium	Slow	Medium	Slow	Medium	Fast

Note. DCTC: direct cell to cell, CTP: cell to pack, CTPTC: cell to pack to cell, SOC: state of charge, CV: cell voltage, OCV: open circuit voltage, EKF: extended kalman filter, and s: seconds.