A Comprehensive Review of Various Topologies and Control Techniques for DC-DC Converter-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Charge Equalization

<table class="table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Charging topology</td><td class="align_center">Power level</td><td class="align_center">Power supply</td><td class="align_center">Charger power (approx)</td><td class="align_center">Charging time (approx for 24 kWh battery)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">AC charging station</td><td class="align_center">Level 1, residential</td><td class="align_center">120/230 V and 12 A–16 A, single phase</td><td class="align_center">1.4 kW–1.9 kW</td><td class="align_center">17 hours</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">AC charging station</td><td class="align_center">Level 2, commercial</td><td class="align_center">208–240 V and 15 A-18 A, single/split phase</td><td class="align_center">3.1 kw–19.2 kW</td><td class="align_center">8 hours</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">DC charging station</td><td class="align_center">Level 3, fast charging</td><td class="align_center">300–600 V and max 40 A, poly phase</td><td class="align_center">120–240 kW</td><td class="align_center">30 minutes</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Various battery charging topologies for EV.</div>

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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Table 2

Table 2: A Comprehensive Review of Various Topologies and Control Techniques for DC-DC Converter-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Charge Equalization 