An Extensible Gradient-Based Optimization Method for Parameter Identification in Power Distribution Network

Table 3

The results of parameter identification with linear transformation.

Method	MAE	RMSE	MAPE
AGBO-Pro-LR	5.131 ± 0.093	6.514 ± 0.152	0.084 ± 0.002
AGBO-LR	5.247 ± 0.079	6.593 ± 0.111	0.086 ± 0.001
RS-LR	6.447 ± 0.801	8.054 ± 0.958	0.105 ± 0.013
TPE-LR	6.078 ± 0.753	7.589 ± 0.830	0.099 ± 0.012
SA-LR	6.970 ± 1.111	8.682 ± 1.318	0.114 ± 0.018

The results of AGBO-Pro with Pearson correlation coefficient loss. After the linear transformation labeled as “AGBO-Pro-LR,” the optimization method proposed in this work still has the best performance.