Investigation on Energy Flow Performance of a Photovoltaic/Battery-Based Isolated Charging Station for Battery-Powered Electric Vehicles

Table 3

System constraints.

Mode	Function	Constraints
Mode#1	PV charges BEVs	(i) is sufficient
		(ii)
Mode#2	BS charges BEVs	(i) is not sufficient
		(ii) BS is available
		(iii)
Mode#3	PV charges BS	(i) is sufficient
		(ii) BEVs are fully charged (no load)
		(iii)
Mode#4	PV charges BS and BEVs	(i) is sufficient
		(ii) Most of BEVs are fully charged (light load)
		(iii)
Mode#5	PV and BS charge BEVs	(i) is sufficient and helps the PV
		(ii) BEVs are not fully charged
		(iii)

is the PV power, is the battery vehicle power, and is the battery station power.