Investigation on Energy Flow Performance of a Photovoltaic/Battery-Based Isolated Charging Station for Battery-Powered Electric Vehicles

Table 9

Efficiency calculation.

Mode	Input power	Output power	Efficiency (ƞ)
Mode#1			88.54%
Mode#2	Pin =		89.61%
Mode#3			86.86%
Mode#4			89.52%.
Mode#5			86.84%

P_pv is the power of PV as primary source, is battery vehicle power as load, and is the battery station power as backup source.