Optimal Operation of Hydrogen Energy Coupling Integrated Energy System considering Green Certificate, Ladder-Type Carbon Joint Trading, and Dual-Incentive Demand Response

Figure 11

Optimization results of electricity, heat, cold, and gas loads. (a) Electrical load optimization results. (b) Gas load optimization results. (c) Heat load optimization results. (d) Cooling load optimization results.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)