Research Article
Optimization of Switching Control and Microgrid Energy Management System with Alternate Arm Converter Based on Bacterial Foraging Algorithm
Table 1
Design parameters of PID, FOPID, and FOPID-BFOA controllers.
| | Method | Parameter | Kp | Ki | Kd | µ | λ | Error value |
| | PID | Voltage | 0.05672 | 0.95321 | 0.054787 | — | — | 12.894785 | | Current | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | — | — |
| | FOPID (without optimization technique) | Voltage | 4.535 | 0.908 | 3.276 | 0.282 | 0.420 | 10.224184 | | Current | 1.000 | 1.000 | 2.861 | 1.000 | 0.245 |
| | FOPID-tuned bacteria foraging optimization technique | Voltage | 0.022768 | 0.72301 | 0.3757 | 0.41266 | 0.94429 | 1.452902 | | Current | 1.000 | 1.000 | 7.937 | 1.000 | 0.300 |
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