Dynamic Behavior and Stability Analysis of Automatic Voltage Regulator with Parameter Uncertainty

Table 3

Poles and zeros of AVR loop with controllers.

Controller	Poles	Zeros
SDO-PID (proposed)	−99.97, −10.49, −0.5 ± 4.662i	−100
WCA-PID [8]	−100, −1.165, −0.927 ± 0.177i, −0.046 ± 0.064i, −0.012 ± 0.0055i	−100, −1, −0.013 ± 0.0047i
GA-PID [11]	−100, −1.165, −0.0272, −0.0074, −0.927 ± 0.177i, −0.04 ± 0.062i	−100, −2.66, −0.768
LUS-PID [2]	−100, −1.157, −0.036, −0.006, −0.93 ± 0.167i, −0.038 ± 0.0537i	−100, −3.173, −0.62