Dynamic Behavior and Stability Analysis of Automatic Voltage Regulator with Parameter Uncertainty

Table 4

Classical margins comparison.

Controller	Gain margin (GM)	Phase margin (PM)
SDO-PID (proposed)	24.4 dB (at 32.7 rad/s)	67.9° (at 5.88 rad/s)
WCA-PID [8]	20.6 dB (at 22.7 rad/s)	66.3° (at 4.7 rad/s)
GA-PID [11]	20.62 dB (at 22.7 rad/s)	66.1° (at 4.68 rad/s)
LUS-PID [2]	21.5 dB (at 22.2 rad/s)	66.6° (at 4.26 rad/s)