Dynamic Behavior and Stability Analysis of Automatic Voltage Regulator with Parameter Uncertainty

Table 5

Classical margins comparison.

Controller	Disk gain margin (DGM)	Disk phase margin (DPM)
SDO-PID (proposed)	10.40 dB (at 8.10 rad/s)	56.50° (at 8.10 rad/s)
WCA-PID [8]	9.20 dB (at 7.47 rad/s)	51.80° (at 7.47 rad/s)
GA-PID [11]	9.41 dB (at 6.70 rad/s)	52.60° (at 6.70 rad/s)
LUS-PID [2]	9.67 dB (at 8.88 rad/s)	53.60° (at 8.88 rad/s)