Two-Stage Optimization Model of Centralized Energy Storage Participating in Peak Shaving with Maximum Reserve Capacity and Minimum Carbon Emission of the System

Table 4

Comparison of optimization results of different cases.

	Carbon emissions (t)	BESS operation cost ($)	Peak-valley difference (%)	Load shedding risk cost ($)	Wind power risk cost ($)	Ramping cost of thermal power units ($)	Total cost ($)
Case 1	9570.7	3909	47.47	21948	26472	17721	165750
Case 2	9314.3	6755	42.45	23902	28082	22866	178990
Case 3	9974.9	6638	42.86	20784	16868	23188	167230