Enhancing Fault Detection and Classification in MMC-HVDC Systems: Integrating Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm with Machine Learning Methods

Table 2

Fault detection accuracy of ANNs.

Testing data proportion	0.15	0.25	0.35	0.45	0.55	0.65	0.75	0.85	0.95
Detection accuracy (%)	99.9	100	100	99.98	100	99.89	98.96	98.91	98.88