Testing the Constraint Theory of Addiction: Cannabis Constraints Discriminate Users from Nonusers and Heavy from Light Users

Table 1

Factors emerging from factor analysis (maximum likelihood with oblimin rotation) mapped on to theoretical constraints.

Empirical factor	% variance	Theoretical constraint(s)
Addiction concerns	19.8	Recognise immanent dependence
Do not know users	7.7	Lack of friends to use with
Lack of availability	7.0	Lack of availability
Bad effects	5.7	Dislike effects
Disapproval of others	4.2	Family and friends opposed to use
Cannabis too expensive	3.8	Too expensive
Mainly medicinal use	3.3	Health problems
Lack of time/other activities	2.7	Limited opportunities for use
Have alternative ways to relax	2.6	Lack of stress
Switched to legal highs	2.3	New
Ethics and religion	2.1	Religious or moral beliefs/jaded regarding consumerism
Concern about legal consequences	1.9	Legal risks
Other financial priorities	1.9	Other financial priorities
Only use socially	1.8	New
Addiction experiences	1.6	Recognise immanent dependence/health scare or problems/like the drug too much