Length-Weight Relationships (LWRs) of Four Loach Species of the Cobitidae Family from the Surma River, Bangladesh

Nasren, Shamima; Rahman, MD Zobayer; Islam, MD Shahinul; Mia, Rasel; Mian, Sohel; Mamun, Md. Abdullah-Al

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6654237

Journal of Applied Ichthyology

On this page

Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Data Availability Ethical Approval Conflicts of Interest Authors’ Contributions Acknowledgments References Copyright Related Articles

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2023 | Article ID 6654237 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6654237

Length-Weight Relationships (LWRs) of Four Loach Species of the Cobitidae Family from the Surma River, Bangladesh

Shamima Nasren,¹MD Zobayer Rahman,²MD Shahinul Islam,¹Rasel Mia,³Sohel Mian,¹and Md. Abdullah-Al Mamun²

Academic Editor: Ömerhan Dürrani

Received07 Jun 2023

Revised25 Nov 2023

Accepted30 Nov 2023

Published08 Dec 2023

Abstract

Four loaches, namely, Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822), Lepidocephalichthys annandalei (Chaudhuri, 1912), Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes, 1846), and Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth, 1860) from the Cobitidae family, were collected from the Surma River, Bangladesh. Of the total 376 speciminia, 193 males (51.32%) and 183 females (48.67%) in number; were collected with the support of local fishermen using a variety of nets at 15-day intervals from November 2022 to April 2023. The length-weight relationship (LWR) parameters were analyzed using the equation . L. annandalei displayed a notable isometric growth pattern, with a condition factor (K) ranging from 0.725 to 0.734. In addition, L. thermalis exhibited isometric growth among males, while females showcased positive allometric growth with a condition factor (K) varying between 0.697 and 0.714. L. guntea exhibited a consistent positive allometric growth pattern across all aspects, with a condition factor (K) ranging from 0.729 to 0.738. In contrast, L. berdmorei demonstrated positive allometric growth, but males and females both exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern. The condition factor (K) for L. berdmorei ranged from 0.699 to 0.702. This suggests a complex growth pattern influenced by both length and weight in every experimental loach. The research underscores the importance of recognizing gender-specific variations in growth patterns within species.

1. Introduction

Loaches are small indigenous species (SIS) that offer both aesthetic appeal and dietary benefits. Many people prefer to consume a variety of SIS, usually under (<25) cm [1]. These loach species are typically found in hill streams, and some can also thrive in rivers and swampy environments [2–4].

The Cobitidae family, which is known as a family of true loaches, encompasses over 200 known species, with the majority being indigenous to central and southern Asia [5]. Several areas in Bangladesh, particularly the larger Sylhet, Mymensingh, Dinajpur, Rangpur, and Chittagong Hill Tracts, are habitats for loaches [4, 6]. Sylhet, Bangladesh, is known for its rich aquatic biodiversity, including various fish species. Sylhet appears to be a particularly favorable habitat for loaches, as it has been reported to have the highest number of loach species within the Cobitidae family, with a total of six species [7]. However, despite the rich biodiversity of loaches in Bangladesh, there has been limited research on various aspects of loaches [8]. Hossain et al. [9] identified 293 fish species in Bangladesh in 2011, which included 9 genera and 3 loach families, emphasizing the importance of species identification for conservation reasons [10]. This highlights the ecological significance of the region and its importance for conservation efforts aimed at preserving the diversity of fish species.

The length-weight relationship (LWR) holds significant importance in fishery assessment [11, 12]. The LWR offers insights into a species’ size and weight characteristics, and it can reveal differences among similar species in various locations around the world [13–15]. Understanding the life cycle patterns of loach species, including their age, reproduction, longevity, and available nutrition in aquatic environments, is essential for managing these populations [16, 17]. Assessing the condition factors of different fish species is essential for maintaining ecosystem balance [18]. It enables comparisons between groups inhabiting similar environments, determines growth and reproduction cycles, and helps monitor a species’ feeding habits [19, 20]. Proper management and conservation efforts depend on a comprehensive understanding of loach physiology and their ecological roles.

The main objective of this research effort was to determine the length-weight relationships (LWRs) of the identified loaches from the Cobitidae family in their current state. The outcomes of this study should provide important data for assessing the effective management of these organisms, preventing the potential loss of their natural populations.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Study Area

From November 2022 to April 2023, an investigation was conducted in the hill stream regions adjacent to the Surma River in northeastern Bangladesh. The Surma River originates from the southern slopes of the Naga-Manipur watershed; the average depth of the river is 282 feet (86 m) and the maximum depth is 550 feet (170 m), serving as the northern branch of the Barak River. It initially flows west and then southwest, passing through Sylhet town [21]. Afterwards, it continues its course in a northwest and west direction until it reaches Sunamganj town [22]. The geomorphological characteristics of the river encompass erosional and depositional processes, including the shape of the channel, riverbed dynamics, sedimentation, and more [23].

2.2. Fish Sampling

All specimens were collected from four different sites using a variety of equipment and nets (cast net, push net, drag net) with the help of fishermen (Figure 1). Approximately 30 loaches were collected and subsequently placed in each polybag. During transportation, oxygen was filled in two-thirds of the bags to ensure their survival. At each sampling site, field data such as latitude and longitude were recorded using a global positioning system (GPS). Furthermore, the biodiversity status and fish value of four freshwater loaches were documented.

2.3. Morphometric Analysis

To conduct taxonomic and morphometric analyses, all collected loaches were identified using morphometric examination and morphological traits. Slide calipers and measuring tapes were used to measure the length. The identification of the collected fish genera and species was based on the references provided by Siddiqui et al. [6] and Conway et al. [24]. To ensure accuracy and cross-reference of the collected data, reports from other researchers and employees who had examined the same or related taxa were consulted. In addition, Fishbase, an online database of fish species information, was used as a pictorial resource for identification. The IUCN 2015 red list status has been checked in accordance with Bangladesh for these experimental loaches and is documented in Table 1.

The standard length (SL) and total length (TL) of each loach were measured in centimeters (cm) using a digital slide caliper, and the body weight was determined in grams (g). We used MS 222 (10 mg/l) to anesthetize the loaches during length-weight data collection. After documenting the length-weight data, we preserved 50% of the samples in a 100% ethanol solution for future molecular studies and released the remaining fish into the open waterbody from which we had sampled.

2.4. Sex Determination

Fishes were visually inspected for external morphological differences between males and females. These differences included size, coloration, and the presence of reproductive organs [26].

2.5. Length-Weight Relationship

The (LWRs) were analyzed using the following equation: [27]where W = weight of fish in ; L = length of fish in cm. a = intercept; b = weight at unit length (slope); b = 3 (isometric growth); and b ≠ 3 (allometric growth) [28].

2.6. Condition Factors

The degree of well-being of fish in their habitat, also known as the condition factor, was calculated using the following equation [29]:where K = condition factor; W = fish weight (g); L = fish length (cm); and b = weight at unit length (slope).

2.7. Relative Condition Factors

Le Cren’s [27] formula was used to compute the relative condition factor (Kn).where Kn = relative condition factor; W = weight of fish in (observed weight); and = aL^b (calculated weight).

A t-test analysis at a significance level of was performed on the length-weight ratio (LWR).

The collected data were analyzed statistically using MS Excel Spreadsheet 2021 and Student’s t-test was conducted in the Microsoft Excel 2021 software.

3. Results

Our study specifically focused on loaches belonging to the Cobitidae family (Figure 2). Four river loaches, including L. annandalei (Chaudhuri, 1912),L. thermalis (Valenciennes, 1846), L. guntea (Hamilton, 1822), and L. berdmorei (Blyth, 1860), were meticulously documented, with specimen numbers of 59, 95, 137, and 85, respectively (Table 2). L. annandalei showed an isometric growth pattern, indicating proportional growth in both length and weight. Both males and females exhibit similar trends in size and weight. L. thermalis follow an isometric growth pattern, maintaining proportional development in length and weight. However, females exhibit a positive allometric growth pattern, suggesting that as they grow in length, their weight increases at a faster rate. L. guntea demonstrates a positive allometric growth pattern for both males and females, implying that as the fish grow longer, their weight increases at a faster rate than expected proportionally. L. berdmorei exhibited a positive allometric growth pattern, indicating a faster weight increase relative to length. In contrast, females display a negative allometric growth pattern, suggesting a slower weight increase compared to length (Table 2). Condition factors (K) for the species range between 0.697 and 0.738, indicating variations in the general well-being of the fish populations. Relative condition factors (Kn) also show variability, ranging from 0.938 to 1.033, providing insights into the overall health and condition of the fish. values, representing the goodness of fit in the growth models, range from 0.677 to 0.940. Higher values suggest a better fit of the observed data to the growth models.

In summary, each species exhibits unique growth patterns, and the variations in condition factors and values offer a comprehensive picture of their development. These findings are crucial for fisheries management, helping to understand and potentially address factors influencing the growth and health of these fish populations.

Furthermore, we documented the biodiversity status and economic value of four freshwater loaches, all of which are valuable as food or ornamental fish. According to the red list of Bangladesh in 2015 (IUCN), L. guntea (Hamilton, 1822) and L. annandalei (Chaudhuri, 1912) were classified as “Least Concern” (LC). However, L. thermalis (Valenciennes, 1846) was categorized as “Data Deficient” (DD), and L. berdmorei (Blyth, 1860) was classified as “Endangered” (EN), emphasizing the urgent need for conservation measures to prevent its extinction.

4. Discussion

The genus Lepidocephalichthys within the family Cobitidae is known for its diverse group of loach species. There were 17 valid species recognized within the Lepidocephalichthys genus [30]. Present findings on LWRs calculated for all four species, namely L. annandalei (Chaudhuri, 1912), L. thermalis (Valenciennes, 1846), L. guntea (Hamilton, 1822), and L. berdmorei (Blyth, 1860), captured from different locations of the Surma River. Gender distribution varies significantly among the species. In L. annandalei and L. thermalis, females constitute a higher percentage. L. guntea shows a more balanced distribution, with a slight majority in male. L. berdmorei has a predominantly male population, with 78.82% males (Table 2). These differences could be due to various factors such as species-specific reproductive strategies, ecological factors, or sample biases [31]. The available information on the biological aspects, including LWRs of loaches in the Surma River, is inadequate and insufficiently concise. This analysis accounted for more than 61% of the variability in the data (Table 2, ), indicating that length can predict more than 61% of the variance in weight of fish species in LWRs equation. The allometric coefficient b exhibited variation across the species, ranging from a minimum of 3.073 for L. annandalei to a maximum of 3.335 for L. berdmorei. The coefficient (b) values have proven to be a crucial parameter in the analysis of length-weight relationships (LWRs), serving as a significant indicator for predicting the overall growth status of species [32–35]. The spectrum of b values was within the typical limit of our existing experiments and supports findings similar to those of Pan et al. [33] and Hossain [35]. A multitude of geographical (temperature fluctuation, ecosystem type, spatial location) and ecological (population size, maturity of sex, developmental stage, nutritional requirements) variables might affect the LWR [36–38]. Several studies on LWRs have shown a connection between the logistic regression b value and changes in fish dimensions throughout maturation [13, 14, 32]. Condition factors (K) for the experimental loaches ranged between 0.697 and 0.738, indicating variations in different growth status. Among males of L. thermalis, the minimum condition factor (K) indicated an isometric growth pattern, while females displayed positive allometric growth ranging from 0.697 to 0.714. In contrast, L. guntea demonstrated a consistent positive allometric growth pattern across all aspects, with the maximum condition factor (K) ranging from 0.729 to 0.738. The condition factor (K) of Tilapia zilli was similar to our findings by Bala et al. [39]. Fafioye and Oluajo [40] similarly found that Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus in Epe Lagoon, Nigeria, exhibited a K-value below <1. According to the findings, relative condition factor (kn) values for L. guntea were 1.0322, L. thermalis (0.9536), L. berdmorei (0.9388), and L. annandalei were 1.008, indicating that the Surma river is a suitable habitat for loaches. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis was carried out on the length-weight relationships (LWRs) of five fish species in the Atrai River [41], as well as five endangered fish species in the Jamuna River of Bangladesh [31]. Consequently, the condition variables could differ among different types of fish in various habitats [42]. A satisfactory amount of nutrition and suitable surroundings are indicated by a condition factor of 1 [17]. In addition, the values for L. guntea and L. thermalis were very low compared with the other two loaches which indicated low variance in weight is explained by length of fish species in our experiment, similar to the findings of Kasapoglu and Duzgunes [43]. Further research is needed to examine the relative impact of these variables on the fluctuation in the b-parameter. These research findings reveal useful insights into the LWRs, which is an effective tool for future studies on fisheries, sustainability, and the administration of the Surma River environment.

Data Availability

The data used in this study are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Ethical Approval

The Animal Ethics Committee of the Sylhet Agricultural University provided guidelines for the handling of fish in this study (Memo: SAU/AEC/FOF/FBG-501), which were strictly followed.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Authors’ Contributions

Shamima Nasren conceptualized the study and proposed a methodology. MD Zobayer Rahman wrote the original draft. MD Shahinul Islam collected the data. Rasel Mia curated the data and was responsible for the Software. Sohel Mian performed validation. Md. Abdullah-Al Mamun wrote, reviewed, and edited the study.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express sincere gratitude to vice-chancellor of the Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet Agricultural University Research System (SAURES)_University Grants Commission (UGC), Bangladesh. Project ID (SAURES-UGC-22-23-72) for providing all kinds of essential laboratory facilities and support to conduct the existing experiment.

References

N. Roos, M. Mazharul Islam, and S. H. Thilsted, “Small fish is an important dietary source of vitamin A and calcium in rural Bangladesh,” International Journal of Food Sciences & Nutrition, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 329–339, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. A. Samad, M. S. E. Mahfuj, F. Faysal Ahmed, S. U. Rahman, and M. Y. Hossain, “Intraspecific morphological variations of the vulnerable loach, Lepidocephalichthys annandalei (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) in inland waterbodies at southwestern Bangladesh,” Lakes & Reservoirs: Science, Policy and Management for Sustainable Use, vol. 28, no. 1, Article ID e12428, 2023.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Suvarnaraksha, “A new species of highland loach, Schistura sirindhornae, from the upper Chao Phraya River basin, Thailand (Pisces: ostariophysi: Nemacheilidae),” Zootaxa, vol. 3962, no. 1, pp. 158–170, 2015.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. T. A. Ahmed, M. M. Rahman, and S. Mandal, “Biodiversity of hillstream fishes in Bangladesh,” Zootaxa, vol. 3700, no. 2, pp. 283–292, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. Q. Huang, J. Yang, Z. Q. Wu, and Y. H. Zhao, “Oreonectes guilinensis (teleostei, cypriniformes, nemacheilidae), a new loach species from guangxi, China,” Journal of Fish Biology, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 111–119, 2020.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. U. Siddiqui, M. A. Islam, S. M. H. Kabir et al., Eds.“Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh,” in Freshwater Fishes, p. 300, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007.
View at: Google Scholar
R. C. Dey, J. Ferdous, A. R. Deb, and N. C. Roy, “Study on the biodiversity status of loach species in Sylhet Sadar, Bangladesh,” 2020, https://www.fisheriesjournal.com/archives/2020/vol8issue3/PartG/8-3-33-211.pdf.
View at: Google Scholar
M. K. H. Akand, M. A. R. Hossain, and M. S. Islam, “Present biodiversity status of loaches in the selected Hill-streams of Bangladesh,” Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 329–334, 2015.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. A. R. Hossain, M. A. Wahab, and B. Belton, The Checklist of the Riverine Fishes of Bangladesh, The world Fish Center, Bangladesh and South Asia Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2012.
M. S. Ahmed, M. M. K. Chowdhury, and L. Nahar, “Molecular characterization of small indigenous fish species (SIS) of Bangladesh through DNA barcodes,” Gene, vol. 684, pp. 53–57, 2019.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Op and O. Ayodele, “Length-weight relationship and condition factor of four commercial fish species of Oyan Lake, Nigeria,” Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography, vol. 2, no. 4, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Nehemia, J. D. Maganira, and C. Rumisha, “Length-Weight relationship and condition factor of tilapia species grown in marine and fresh water ponds,” Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 117–124, 2012.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. S. Irigoyen-Arredondo, X. G. Moreno-Sánchez, E. Marín-Enríquez et al., “Length-weight relationship of 20 cryptobenthic fish in coral and rocky reefs in the gulf of California, Mexico,” Journal of Applied Ichthyology, vol. 2023, Article ID 1122004, 6 pages, 2023.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. He, Z. Wu, L. Huang et al., “Length-weight relationships of twenty-nine native fish species from hongshui river, southern China,” Journal of Applied Ichthyology, vol. 2023, Article ID 1744641, 4 pages, 2023.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. King, Fisheries Biology, Assessment and Management, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, Second edition, 2007.
A. S. Dan-Kishiya, “Length-weight relationship and condition factor of five fish species from a tropical water supply reservoir in Abuja, Nigeria,” American Journal of Research Communication, vol. 1, no. 9, pp. 175–187, 2013.
View at: Google Scholar
N. C. Ujjania, M. P. S. Kohli, and L. L. Sharma, “Length-weight relationship and condition factors of Indian major carps (C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala) in Mahi Bajaj Sagar, India,” Research Journal of Biology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 30–36, 2012.
View at: Google Scholar
T. S. Imam, U. Bala, M. L. Balarabe, and T. I. Oyeyi, “Length-weight relationship and condition factor of four fish species from Wasai Reservoir in Kano, Nigeria,” African Journal of General Agriculture, vol. 6, no. 3, 2021.
View at: Google Scholar
M. M. Alam, M. T. Rahman, and S. Parween, “Morphometric characters and condition factors of five freshwater fishes from Pagla river of Bangladesh,” International Journal of Aquatic Biology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 14–19, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
P. E. Anyanwu, B. C. Okoro, A. O. Anyanwu et al., “Length-weight relationship, condition factor and sex ratio of African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) reared in indoor water recirculation system tanks,” 2007, https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=AV20120138244.
View at: Google Scholar
S. Akter, M. F. Howladar, Z. Ahmed, and T. R. Chowdhury, “The rainfall and discharge trends of Surma River area in North-eastern part of Bangladesh: an approach for understanding the impacts of climatic change,” Environmental Systems Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 28–12, 2019.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. M. S. R. Bhuyain, D. Bhattacharjee, M. Hasan et al., “Seasonal variation of water quality parameters of the Surma River in Sylhet region, Bangladesh,” International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, vol. 8, pp. 212–216, 2020.
View at: Google Scholar
S. Singh, Geomorphology, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad, India, 1998.
K. W. Conway, R. L. Mayden, and K. L. Tang, “Devario anomalus, a new species of freshwater fish from Bangladesh (Ostariophysi: cyprinidae),” Zootaxa, vol. 2136, no. 1, pp. 49–58, 2009.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Iucn, “The IUCN red list of threatened species,” 2015, https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=LepidocephalichthysandsearchType=species.
View at: Google Scholar
G. E. Scarsella, J. D. Gresham, and R. L. Earley, “Relationships between external sexually dimorphic characteristics and internal gonadal morphology in a sex‐changing fish,” Journal of Zoology, vol. 305, no. 2, pp. 133–140, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
E. D. L. Cren, “The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis),” Journal of Animal Ecology, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 201–219, 1951.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. W. Fulton, “The rate of growth of fishes,” 22nd Annual Report of the Fishery Board of Scotland, vol. 1904, no. 3, pp. 141–241, 1904.
View at: Google Scholar
L. M. Gomiero and F. M. de Souza Braga, “The condition factor of fishes from two river basins in São Paulo state, Southeast of Brazil,” Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences, vol. 73, 78 pages, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. C. Havird and L. M. Page, “A revision of Lepidocephalichthys (Teleostei: Cobitidae) with descriptions of two new species from Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Myanmar,” Copeia, vol. 2010, no. 1, pp. 137–159, 2010.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Y. Hossain, M. M. Rahman, B. Fulanda, M. A. S. Jewel, F. Ahamed, and J. Ohtomi, “Length–weight and length–length relationships of five threatened fish species from the Jamuna (Brahmaputra River tributary) River, northern Bangladesh,” Journal of Applied Ichthyology, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 275–277, 2012b.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Ji, L. Ding, and J. Tao, “Length-weight relationships of four indigenous fish species from the Nujiang River, China,” Journal of Applied Ichthyology, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 567–569, 2022.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
L. Pan, Z. Peng, D. Shao et al., “Length‐weight relationships of four fish species from the Yellow River, China,” Journal of Applied Ichthyology, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1094–1096, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
L. Pan, X. W. Cheng, J. Xu et al., “Length– weight relationships of four fish species from the Nujiang River, China,” Journal of Applied Ichthyology, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1299-1300, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Y. Hossain, “Morphometric relationships of length-weight and length-length of four Cyprinid small indigenous fish species from the Padma River (NW Bangladesh),” Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 131–134, 2010.
View at: Google Scholar
D. F. Zhang, W. Wang, and Q. F. Liu, “Length–weight relationships of four fish species from the Niulan River, China,” Journal of Applied Ichthyology, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 592-593, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. X. Xia, L. Chen, and W. Xiong, “Length–weight relationships of three fish species from the Jinsha River, southwestern China,” Journal of Applied Ichthyology, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 513-514, 2016.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. B. Zhu, D. G. Yang, Y. Liu, and F. Li, “Length–weight relationships of six fish species from the Zengqu River and the Ouqu River, southwest China,” Journal of Applied Ichthyology, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1153-1154, 2015.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
U. Bala, I. Lawal, P. I. Bolorunduro, S. J. Oniye, S. A. Abdullahi, and A. H. Bichi, “Study of ichtyofauna of daberam reservoir, katsina state,” Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 172–174, 2011.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
O. O. Fafioye and O. A. Oluajo, “Length-weight relationships of five fish species in Epe lagoon, Nigeria,” African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 749–751, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. R. Islam and M. J. Mia, “Length–weight and length–length relationships of five fish species in the Atrai River, Dinajpur, Bangladesh,” Journal of Applied Ichthyology, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1371–1373, 2016.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
B. G. Blackwell, M. L. Brown, and D. W. Willis, “Relative weight (Wr) status and current use in fisheries assessment and management,” Reviews in Fisheries Science, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–44, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
N. Kasapoglu and E. Duzgunes, “Length-weight relationships of marine species caught by five gears from the Black Sea,” Mediterranean Marine Science, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 95–100, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Shamima Nasren et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation

Download other formats

Order printed copies

Views

216

Downloads

162

Citations