Effects of Dietary Thiamine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes’ Activity, and Biochemical Parameters of Beluga, Huso huso, Larvae

Table 2

Composition (g/kg) of the four starter diets supplemented at different levels thiamine.

Ingredients	Dietary thiamine (g/kg)
	0	5	10	20
Casein^1	210	210	210	210
Wheat gluten^2	250	250	250	250
Fish meal^3	220	220	220	220
Dextrin^4	187.4	187.4	187.4	187.4
Methionine^5	8	8	8	8
Lysine^6	7	7	7	7
Choline chloride^7	2	2	2	2
Vitamin mix^8	20	20	20	20
Mineral mix^9	5	5	5	5
Fish oil	45	45	45	45
Soybean oil	45	45	45	45
L-carnitine	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
Proximate composition analysis
Moisture (g/kg)	102	105	101	106
Crude protein (g/kg DM basis)	527	525	530	524
Crude lipid (g/kg DM basis)	139	140	141	144
Crude ash (g/kg DM basis)	35	33	31	36
Gross energy (cal/kg)	4570	4577	4574	4568
Thiamine (mg/kg DM basis)	0.03	4.95	10.4	19.1

1 Vitamin free (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO): protein 60%. 2 Protein 78%, lipid 1%. 3 Low-temperature processed fish meal: protein 63%, lipid 15%. 4 United States Biochemical, Cleveland, OH, USA. 5 Evonik Industries (Germany): 99%. 6 Evonik Industries (Germany): 99%. 7 Liaoning Biochem Co. (China): 60%. 8 Vitamin premix: alpha tocopherol 60 IU/kg; calciferol 3000 IU/kg; riboflavin 30 mg/kg; pyridoxine 15 mg/kg; B12 0.05 mg/kg; nicotinic acid 175 mg/kg; folic acid 5 mg/kg; ascorbic acid 500 mg/kg; inositol 1000 mg/kg; biotin 2.5 mg/kg; calcium pantothenate 50 mg/kg. 9 Mineral premix: calcium carbonate (40%) 2.15 g/kg; manganese oxide 1.24 g/kg; ferric citrate 0.2 g/kg; potassium iodide 0.4 g/kg; copper sulfate 0.3 g/kg; manganese sulfate 0.3 g/kg; calcium phosphate 5 g/kg; cobalt sulfate 2 g/kg; sodium selenite 3 g/kg; potassium chloride 0.9 g/kg; sodium chloride 0.4 g/kg.