Proposal of Damping Function for Low-Reynolds-Number 𝑘-𝜀 Model Applicable in Prediction of Turbulent Viscoelastic-Fluid Flow

Figure 13

Budget of turbulent kinetic energy for drag-reducing viscoelastic fluid in turbulent channel flow at Re_𝜏=395, Wi_𝜏=30, and 𝛽=0.5.