Three-Dimensional Modeling of Spatial Reinforcement of Soil Nails in a Field Slope under Surcharge Loads

Table 1

Summary of material parameters.

	Initial conditions	Elastic properties	Shear strength	Hydraulic properties
CDG fill soil	𝛾𝑑=1.41kg/m^3,; 𝑒0=0.86,; 𝑀𝑐0=14.9%	𝜇=0.05; 𝜅=0.011	𝑐^′=2kPa,; 𝜙^′=32^∘; 𝜓=5^∘	k-Figure 4; SWCC-Figure 4
Soil nails	—	𝐸=2.5×10^4MPa,; 𝜇=0.2	—	—
In situ ground	—	𝐸=35MPa,  𝜇=0.25	—	—
No-fines concrete	—	𝐸=1×10^4 MPa,; 𝜇=0.2	—	𝑘=1.0×10^−4m/s
Soil-nail interface	—	𝐸=10 MPa,; 𝜇=0.2	𝑐^′=10.6kPa,; 𝜙^′=35.8^∘	—

E, 𝜇, 𝜅, 𝑀_𝑐0, 𝛾_𝑑, e ₀, k, 𝑐^′, and 𝜙^′ are Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, the slope of the unloading-reloading line on the 𝜈−ln𝑝^′ diagram, initial moisture content, dry density, initial void ratio, permeability coefficient, cohesion intercept, and internal friction angle, respectively, and the subscript “0” denotes the initial value.