Contagious Criminal Career Models Showing Backward Bifurcations: Implications for Crime Control Policies

Table 1

Models variables and their biological meaning.

Variables	Description
	Individuals not criminally active but susceptible to crime (core group)
	First-time incarcerated individuals
	First-time ex-offenders individuals who are again susceptible to crime
	Individuals who desist from criminal behavior (i = 0,1,2) (desisting offenders/criminal desisters)
	Individuals who were two or multiple times incarcerated (recidivists, reoffenders)
	Second-time ex-offenders individuals and susceptible to crime (at least two incarcerations)