Total Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead Determination in Brazilian Rice Samples Using ICP-MS

Table 7

Concentrations of total arsenic, cadmium, and lead in rice consumed by the population of various countries, reported in the literature.

Country	Element concentration (mg kg^−1)			Reference
	As	Cd	Pb
China	0.080	0.037	0.060	[29]
	0.336	0.312	0.022	[30]
	—	0.15	—	[31]
	—	—	0.034–0.076	[32]
Bangladesh	0.32	—	—	[33]
	0.321	0.088	0.713	[34]
India	0.051	0.019	2.277	[35]
Iran	—	<0.015	0.320	[36]
	0.121	—	—	[37]
	0.065	—	—	[38]
United Kingdom	0.187	—	—	[39]
	0.124 (polished)	—	—	[40]
	0.205 (brown)
Spain	0.1695	—	—	[41]
Italy	0.18–0.28	0.01–0.08	—	[42]
Thailand	0.139–0.239	—	—	[43]
Japan	0.032–0.239	0.013–0.043	—	[44]
Turkey	0.0985	0.314	—	[45]
Greece	0.042–0.271	—	—	[46]
Jamaica	0.11–0.165	<0.040–0.033	—	[47]