Greening Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Sorghum Flour Multielemental Determination by Microwave-Induced Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry
Table 2
Analyte concentration determined after the proposed sample preparation method (UAE) compared to the conventional (MWAD) (n = 3).
Sample
Cu
K
Mg
Mn
P
Zn
(mg kg−1)
(mg kg−1)
(mg kg−1)
(mg kg−1)
(mg kg−1)
(mg kg−1)
MWAD
UAE
MWAD
UAE
MWAD
UAE
MWAD
UAE
MWAD
UAE
MWAD
UAE
A
5.5a
±
0.7
3.8a
±
1.1
4539a
±
120
4572a
±
51
1325a
±
125
1502a
±
90
21.2a
±
2.6
15.1a
±
4.0
1333a
±
80
1492a
±
90
18.8a
±
0.4
18.1a
±
0.4
B
3.3a
±
0.2
2.7a
±
0.8
4054a
±
118
4085a
±
150
1245a
±
94
1389a
±
151
24.0a
±
2.7
19.4a
±
2.1
1238a
±
11
1469b
±
56
17.9a
±
1.1
17.9a
±
1.7
C
2.8a
±
0.1
2.5a
±
0.3
4201a
±
186
4232a
±
279
1246a
±
89
1364a
±
242
20.6a
±
0.7
18.4a
±
2.0
1389a
±
218
1289a
±
80
17.0a
±
0.2
16.9a
±
1.2
D
3.1a
±
0.1
3.2a
±
0.3
4218a
±
177
4249a
±
266
1220a
±
26
1287a
±
128
20.3a
±
0.5
22.6a
±
2.9
1185a
±
131
1333a
±
61
15.5a
±
0.5
16.0a
±
1.4
E
3.2a
±
0.1
2.9a
±
0.4
4204a
±
246
4236a
±
369
1334a
±
77
1480a
±
83
21.0a
±
2.2
20.6a
±
2.5
1242a
±
253
1493a
±
92
18.9a
±
1.6
19.5a
±
0.7
Values are expressed as mean (n = 3). If the letters between treatments (MWAD and UAE), for each analyte and for each sample, are not equal, they mean that there is a statistically significant difference (). MWAD: microwave-assisted digestion; UAE: ultrasound-assisted extraction.
