Determination of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Their Major Metabolites in Tea Infusions by Dual-Channel Capillary Electrophoresis following Solid-Phase Extraction

Table 2

Comparison of different analytical methods applied for the determination of GLYP, GLUF, AMPA, and MPPA.

Analytical technique	Sample	Linear range (μg/L)	MDL (μg/L)	Enrichment factor	References
LLE—UHPLC-MS/MS	Groundwater and surface water	0.1–100 (GLYP)	0.2	-	[27]
		0.1–100 (GLUF)	0.01
		0.1–100 (AMPA)	0.1
One-step purification/extraction—UPLC-MS/MS	River water	0.04–0.8 (GLYP)	0.004	250	[50]
		0.04–0.8 (GLUF)	0.005
		0.04–0.8 (AMPA)	0.004
		0.04–0.8 (MPPA)	0.004
SPE—IC-HESI-MS/MS	Surface water	0.01–2.0 (GLYP)	0.01	-	[31]
		0.01–2.0 (GLUF)	0.01
		0.01–2.0 (AMPA)	0.01
		0.01–2.0 (MPPA)	0.01
D-SPE^a—CE-MS	Baby food	2–1000 (GLYP)	0.5	60	[33]
		0.5–500 (GLUF)	0.1
		1–1000 (AMPA)	0.4
		1–1000 (MPPA)	0.2
FESI^b—CE-C^4D	Tap water	0.2–169 (GLYP)	0.1	1002	[40]
		3.6–1810 (GLUF)	2.0	245
		2.2–1110 (AMPA)	2.2	257
SPE—CE-C^4D	Tea infusion	2.69–400 (GLYP)	0.80	100	This study
		5.19–200 (GLUF)	1.56
		1.82–1600 (AMPA)	0.54
		1.87–200 (MPPA)	0.56