Sleep Environment and Insomnia in Elderly Persons Living at Home

Table 1

Descriptive statistics according to the presence or absence of insomnia.

Variable	Total	Insomnia	Absence of insomnia
Age	79.29 (4.87)	79.17 (4.68)	79.38 (5.01)	0.603
Sex				0.119
Male	179 (30.4)	66 (36.9)	113 (63.1)
Female	409 (69.6)	179 (43.8)	230 (56.2)
Body mass index (BMI)	26.21 (4.41)	26.08 (4.16)	26.31 (4.58)	0.553
Civil status				0.482
Living alone	330 (56.3)	141 (42.7)	189 (57.3)
Living as a couple	256 (43.7)	102 (39.8)	154 (60.2)
Highest education level				0.646
Zero to 12 years	338 (58.5)	140 (41.4)	198 (58.6)
College to university degree	240 (41.5)	104 (43.4)	136 (56.7)
Partner sleeps in the same bed or bedroom				0.306
Sleeps alone in the bedroom	394 (69.1)	168 (42.6)	226 (57.4)
Partner sleeps in the same bedroom	176 (30.9)	67 (38.1)	109 (61.9)
Pillow comfort				<0.001
Very uncomfortable to moderately comfortable	273 (47.2)	138 (50.5)	135 (49.5)
Very comfortable	306 (52.8)	104 (34.0)	202 (66.0)
Mattress comfort				0.023
Very uncomfortable to moderately comfortable	244 (42.2)	115 (47.1)	129 (52.9)
Very comfortable	334 (57.8)	126 (37.7)	208 (62.3)
Nocturnal bedroom noise				0.001
Very loud to not very loud	171 (29.5)	89 (52.0)	82 (48.0)
Completely quiet	408 (70.5)	152 (37.3)	256 (62.7)
Morning bedroom noise				0.030
Very loud to not very loud	216 (37.6)	102 (47.2)	114 (52.8)
Completely quiet	358 (62.4)	136 (38.0)	222 (62.0)
Bedroom brightness at night				0.667
Very bright to moderately bright	71 (12.3)	28 (39.4)	43 (60.6)
Moderately dark to very dark	508 (87.7)	214 (42.1)	294 (57.9)
Bedroom brightness in the morning				0.452
Very bright to moderately bright	259 (44.8)	104 (40.2)	155 (59.8)
Moderately dark to very dark	319 (55.2)	138 (43.3)	181 (56.7)

Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or number of participants (percentage).