Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence in Frail Elderly Females
Table 8
Comparison between participants with and without urinary incontinence as regards demographic characteristics and risk factors.
UI
Chi-square
Yes
No
Total
N
%
N
%
N
%
X2
value
Smoking
Yes
19
18.27
3
11.54
22
16.92
0.670
0.413
No
85
81.73
23
88.46
108
83.08
Obesity
Yes
28
26.92
10
38.46
38
29.23
1.339
0.247
No
76
73.08
16
61.54
92
70.77
Parity
Nullipara
6
5.77
6
23.08
12
9.23
12.662
0.005
Multipara
82
78.85
13
50.00
95
73.08
CS
7
6.73
5
19.23
12
9.23
CS and vaginal
9
8.65
2
7.69
11
8.46
ADL
Independent
45
43.27
19
73.08
64
49.23
8.371
0.015
Assisted
36
34.62
6
23.08
42
32.31
Dependent
23
22.12
1
3.85
24
18.46
IADL
Assisted
46
44.23
20
76.92
66
50.77
8.894
0.003
Dependent
58
55.77
6
23.08
64
49.23
Pyuria
Yes
48
46.15
14
53.85
62
47.69
0.493
0.482
No
56
53.85
12
46.15
68
52.31
Hysterectomy
Yes
21
20.19
2
7.69
23
17.69
2.232
0.135
No
83
79.81
24
92.31
107
82.31
Hernia repair
Yes
10
9.62
4
15.38
14
10.77
0.720
0.396
No
94
90.38
22
84.62
116
89.23
Spinal surgery
Yes
4
3.85
0
0.00
4
3.08
1.032
0.310
No
100
96.15
26
100.00
126
96.92
UI: urinary incontinence; nullipara: females who never gave birth; multipara: females who have two or more pregnancies (all were vaginal delivered); CS: cesarean section; ADL: activities of daily living; IADL: instrumental activities of daily living.
