Physical Frailty and Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

Characteristics of study participants.

Characteristics	Total	Frailty status (N = 367)			value
		Nonfrail (n = 53, 14.4%)	Prefrail (n = 282, 76.8%)	Frail (n = 32, 8.7%)
Sex, n (%)					0.641^a
Male	130 (35.4)	20 (15.4)	101 (77.7)	9 (6.9)
Female	237 (64.6)	33 (13.9)	181 (76.4)	23 (9.7)
Age (years), mean ± SD	73.22 ± 7.00	70.60 ± 4.52	73.02 ± 6.95	79.31 ± 7.46	<0.001^b
Number of comorbidities, mean ± SD	0.83 ± 0.80	0.75 ± 0.89	0.82 ± 0.79	0.97 ± 0.74	0.494^b
Polypharmacy, mean ± SD	0.78 ± 0.81	0.64 ± 0.78	0.78 ± 0 .82	0.97 ± 0.74	<0.001^b
Body mass index (kg/m^2), mean ± SD	22.63 ± 3.86	22.50 ± 2.91	22.81 ± 3.90	21.24 ± 4.59	<0.001^b
Underweight (<18.5), n (%)	53 (14.4)	4 (7.5)	38 (71.7)	11 (20.8)
Normal weight (18.5–22.9), n (%)	143 (39.0)	25 (17.5)	109 (76.2)	9 (6.3)
Overweight (23.0–27.5), n (%)	134 (36.5)	21 (15.7)	103 (76.9)	10 (7.4)
Obese (˃27.5), n (%)	37 (10.1)	3 (8.1)	32 (86.5)	2 (5.4)
PPA fall risk (Z-score) (mean ± SD)	2.80 ± 1.47	2.15 ± 1.02	2.70 ± 1.38	4.47 ± 1.65	<0.001^b

^aChi-square test. ^bOne-way ANOVA test analysis. PPA = physiological profile assessment.