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| Cognitive task | Brief description |
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| Facts and titbits | Participants share facts and titbits with each other. At the end of the walk, “Guess who” is played: a fact or titbit is shared and participants must try to remember whose it was |
| Quest with environmental clues | Participants try to find the correct route by means of environmental clues |
| Awareness | A sort of mindfulness exercise, to be more aware of their environment (e.g., five senses exercise) |
| Spotted | Participants look out for certain aspects in the environment (e.g., flowers, trees, and buildings) |
| Opinions | A conversation is held about socially relevant topics. Participants are encouraged to form an opinion and share this opinion in a constructive manner. |
| Notice and remember symbols | Participants must look out for symbols placed on the route and try to remember these symbols and the location they were placed at |
| Quiz | Answering questions (e.g., about the environment they encountered during the walk and about historical facts) |
| Plan the route | Participants plan their own route |
| Quest with riddles | By solving riddles, participants can find out the correct route |
| Hidden word | The participants take turns in describing a certain word. The others must guess the word as fast as possible. |
| Word fluencya | A particular letter or category is chosen after which the participant tries to name as many words as possible, starting with the chosen letter or belonging to the chosen category |
| Problem solving | Participants try to solve riddles |
| Word associations | In this task, participants try to connect words that are associated with each other |
| Remember the route | Participants try to remember the route they followed |
| I spy | One participant chooses an object in the environment, of which others have to guess what it is by asking questions |
| A new language | Participants teach each other words or sentences in a (to them) new language or dialect |
| Buzz it | A funny question is asked, after which participants try to give their funniest answer |
| Story telling | Together, participants create a story by adding a sentence one by one |
| Geocaching | This task consists of a quest for a treasure. The location of the treasure is given at the start of the session, after which participants must try to find the fastest route to the location of the treasure. |
| Serial subtraction task | Participants count down from, e.g., 100, by, e.g., sevens |
| Memory techniques | Participants learn a memory technique that can help to remember certain words (e.g., Loci-method) |
| Music | Old songs are played, and participants try to remember the lyrics |
| Obstacle walk | An obstacle walk is held |
| Order of daily activities | Every participant receives an action that is part of a daily activity. Altogether, participants must put their actions together and find the correct activity. |
| Mental arithmetic | Calculations are made (e.g., simply counting and making sums) |
| The alphabet | Participants recite the alphabet in the correct or reverse order or skip two letters at a time |
| Choreography | Participants perform extra movements while walking (e.g., two steps forward and five steps backward) |
| Immediate recall | Lists are repeated during the walk (e.g., street names and house numbers). Participants try to repeat the list in the same, reverse, or alphabetical order. |
| N-back | A list of letters, words, or numbers is read; participants must respond with a predefined signal (e.g., shouting “yes”) when a letter, word, or number was already previously mentioned |
| List learning | A variety of possible lists are studied, and participants try to repeat them at the end of the walk |
| Stimulus-response | Participants must respond to a predefined stimulus in a certain way |
| Ballgames | Participants must remember the order in which the balls are thrown. The complexity can be increased by using more than one ball or adding rules. |
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