Efficiency of Semi-Autonomous and Fully Autonomous Bus Services in Trunk-and-Branches Networks

Figure 8

(a) Size, (b) total cost, (c) applicability of semi-autonomous buses, and (d) applicability of fully autonomous buses as functions of and . Note that the top-left side of each curve in (c) and (d) indicates the preferable region of semi-autonomous (fully autonomous) bus, whereas the other side is for conventional bus. The dotted line gives the upper bound of , which is 0.63. Other parameters according to Table 2.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)