Integrated Optimization on Energy Saving and Quality of Service of Urban Rail Transit System

Table 3

Parameter definitions.

Symbol	Descriptions
	The distance of phase in the section of train ,
	The traction force characteristic curve,
	The braking force characteristic curve,
	The basic resistance characteristic curve, generally expressed as , , , are constant,
	The maximum traction force of a train,
	The maximum braking force of a train,
	The utilization ratio of regenerative braking capacity of train in the section
	The kinetic energy in the braking phase,
	The maximum acceleration, m/s^2
	The maximum deceleration, m/s^2
	The regenerative braking energy conversion rate
	The turn-around time at the terminal station, sec