Journal of Advanced Transportation

Research Article

Exploring the Factors Associated with Car Use for Short Trips: Evidence from Kunming, China

Table 6

Standardized direct, indirect, and total effects of the exogenous variables on the attitudes and car use.
EffectInstrumental attitudeSymbolic attitudeAffective attitudeCycling attitudeWalking attitudePercentage of car use
TotalTotalDirectIndirectTotalDirectIndirectTotalDirectIndirectTotalDirectIndirectTotal
Age, 18–30 (ref.)
Age, 30–50  –0.197 –0.197       –0.060–0.060
Age, 50+  –0.257 –0.257       –0.078–0.078
Gender, female (ref.)
Gender, male  0.249 0.249       0.0750.075
Education, high school or less (ref.)
Education, college or higher –0.133 –0.091–0.0910.1770.0300.207 0.0200.020 –0.025–0.025
Employment state, others (ref.)              
Employment state, staff           0.139 0.139
Income, 0–100,000 CNY (ref.)
Income, 100,000–200,000 CNY –0.005 –0.003–0.003–0.1630.001–0.162 0.0010.0010.0700.0310.101
Income, 200,000+ CNY 0.154 0.1050.105–0.176–0.035–0.211 –0.024–0.0240.1440.0330.177
Number of cars, 1 (ref.)              
Number of cars, 2+           0.205 0.205
Car dominance, family use (ref.)              
Car dominance, you use more            0.152 
Car dominance, completely controlled           0.1520.166 
By yourself           0.166  
Driving experience, 0–10 years (ref.)
Driving experience, 10+ years0.139  0.0730.073      –0.1160.023–0.093
Number of bus stops           –0.255 –0.255
Linear distance to city center0.137  0.0720.072       0.0220.022
Note: and .