The Impact of Purchase Restriction Policy on Car Ownership in China’s Four Major Cities

Table 1

Previous researches about vehicle stock.

Year	Authors	Country	National/city/household level	Variables
1997	Johansson and Schipper	12 OECD countries	National level	(i) Fuel price; (ii) Income; (iii) Taxation; (iv) Population density
1999	Dargay and Vythoulkas	Worldwide	National level	(i) GDP per capita
1999	Dargay and Gately	U.K.	Household level	(i) Income; (ii) Adults; (iii) Children; (iv) Car purchase cost; (v) Car running cost; (vi) Public transport fares
2001	Dargay	U.K.	Household level	(i) Income; (ii) Adults; (iii) Children; (iv) Car price
2002	Dargay	U.K.	Household level	(i) Income; (ii) Fuel cost; (iii) Car purchase cost; (iv) Adults per household; (v) Number of children
2004	Kim and Kim	U.S.	Household level	(i) Distance to the nearest bus station; (ii) Number of drivers in household; (iii) Income; (iv) Members in household; (v) Full-time workers in household
2007	Dargay and Sommer	Worldwide	National level	(i) GDP per capita
2008	Potoglou and Kanaroglou	Canada	Household level	(i) Household size; (ii) Number of drivers in household; (iii) Education level; (iv) Household income
2008	Chamon et al.	U.S., India, China	National level	(i) Income; (ii) Household size; (iii) Population density; (iv) Gasoline price
2008	Han, and Hayashi	China	City level	(i) Income; (ii) Car price; (iii) Population
2011	Wang et al.	China	National level	(i) Growth rate of GDP per capita
2011	Hao et al.	China	National level	(i) Income growth; (ii) Vehicle price variation
2012	Huo and Wang	China	National level	(i) Income
2014	Wu et al.	China	National level	(i) GDP per capita
2016	Wu et al.	China	National level	(i) GDP per capita; (ii) Average wage for employed; (iii) Urban rate; (iv) Population density; (v) Road area with pavement per capita; (vi) Total number of buses and trolleybuses; (vii) Taxi number per 10000 people; (viii) Highway mileage per 10000 persons
2017	Yang et al.	China	City level	(i) GDP per capita; (ii) Average wage for employed; (iii) Urban rate; (iv) Population density; (v) Road area with pavement per capita; (vi) Total number of buses and trolleybuses; (vii) Taxi number per 10000 people; (viii) Highway mileage per 10000 persons
2017	Nugroho et al.	Indonesia	Household level	(i) Age; (ii) Education level; (iii) Income; (iv) House property; (v) Family member
2017	Lu et al.	China	National level	(i) GDP per capita
2018	Ma et al.	China	Household level	(i) Income; (ii) Household size; (iii) Home ownership; (iv) Real estate price; (v) Age; (vi) Education; (vii) Driver number; (viii) Population density; (ix) Zone