Variations in Naturalistic Driving Behavior and Visual Perception at the Entrances of Short, Medium, and Long Tunnels

Table 2

Statistical results for driving behavior indicators.

Indicator	Units	Tunnel length condition			ANOVA result
		Short	Medium	Long	F(2,105)	value
V0	km/h	105.3	104.9	104.7	0.033	0.967
V1	km/h	93.4	92.6	88.4	4.402	0.015
V2	km/h	81.6	83.2	79.6	1.963	0.146
Vs	km/h	101.5	97.1	91.6	12.652	0.000
Ve	km/h	78.1	80.7	76.0	3.746	0.027
ΔV0e	km/h	27.2	24.2	28.8	2.005	0.140
ΔVse	km/h	23.4	16.4	15.6	10.887	0.000
Site a	m	345	305	283	8.993	0.000
Site b	m	(−57)	(−35)	(−65)	4.984	0.009
Site c	m	125	120	84	1.472	0.234
dmax	m/s^2	0.85	0.75	0.65	5.207	0.007
dav	m/s^2	0.38	0.31	0.26	9.311	0.000