Optimal Driving Range for Battery Electric Vehicles Based on Modeling Users’ Driving and Charging Behavior
Algorithm 1
Summary of simulation methodology.
Input: Practical data of the behavioral variables of the daily trip chain in Table 1
Output: Simulated travel and charging process
Process:
Initial: M = 10,000, m = 1, i = 0.
Step 0: the vehicle is assumed to depart from home with a full battery
Step 1: generate the daily trip, the number of daily trips N, the departure time for the first trip , and the daily travel distance using copula function; set i = 1
Step 2: generate the travel distance, the average travel speed for each trip, and the dwell time between the two trips by equation (2) on the day m
Step 3: calculate the electricity consumed for the ith trip; check whether the remaining SOC is sufficient for the ith trip. If it is, update the remaining SOC after arriving at the destination, and proceed to Step 4; otherwise, the ith trip is marked as failed with “range limitation,” and choose alternative travel mode to make up for this trip; set m = m+1, and return to Step 0
Step 4: generate SOC before charging ; check whether a charging opportunity is available at that time. If the charge is performed, calculate the increased SOC and update the remaining range; otherwise, the remaining range keeps the same
Step 5: check whether i equals N. If it does, move to Step 6; otherwise, i = i + 1, and return to Step 2
Step 6: check whether m equals M. If it does, the simulation is terminated; otherwise, set m = m + 1, and return to Step 1
