Optimal Design of Bus Stop Locations Integrating Continuum Approximation and Discrete Models

Table 5

Comparison of cost items among different scenarios.

Scenarios	Average passenger cost (RMB)	Average agency cost (RMB)	Average system cost (RMB)	Location constraint
Current service	5.44	5.39	10.83	No
Idealized design	5.68	3.42	9.10	Violated
Optimal design with location constraint	5.66	3.46	9.12	Satisfied
Difference (%)	−0.35%	1.65%	0.22%	—

The difference is the calculated by , where are the costs of passenger, agency, and system with the consideration of location constraint, respectively. are the costs of passenger, agency, and system without the consideration of location constraint, respectively.